Binders Bookstore essays

Binder's Bookstore essays As partners of Binders Bookstore, we have collectively chosen to automate our business. There is a need for our company to be computerized; the manual approach is not cohesive. We need to investigate our needs and evaluate the products available to suit our company. It is imperative to move our bookstore into the technological age due to the high volume of sales, and competition. The management team at Binders will create an information system that will more than double the productivity and revenue. Dont be caught unaware. In todays business world, being on top of things is the name of the game-and online competitive intelligence is the winning play. (Carroll, 2002) Binders Bookstore is at a major crossroads with their business practices. After being in business for 15 years, they need to reevaluate their current situation in regards to office automation. The three owners have chosen to create a business plan to facilitate this process. As a planning tool, the business plan guides you through the various phases of your business. A thoughtful plan will help identify roadblocks and obstacles so that you can avoid them and establish alternatives. (SBA) In the first phrase of planning, Binders identified its background, business needs, purpose, constraints and assumptions. Currently, the second phrase captures the business requirements that include: inventory; customer database and marketing. Binders vision will aid in the success of reaching projected revenue targets while competing with the large retails. We opened Binders 15 years ago with a vision, to provide our local customers an inviting atmosphere and a variety of reading material. We know our customers by name and can always suggest new arrivals. However, our staff of three and our manual cash register can just not keep up with the business any longer. We need to do more than revamp; we need to i...

HistoricalACT Percentiles for 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, and 2011

HistoricalACT Percentiles for 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, and 20 SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips For those currently taking the ACT or who took it in 20-2018, you might wonder:how does your percentile compare with students who got the same score in other years?In this guide, I'll explain what percentiles are, how they work for the ACT, and why they matter. I'll also give you ACT percentile charts for 20-2018 so you can see how your scores stack up against historical ones. What Is an ACTPercentile Score? Before diving in, let's define what an ACT percentile is. First off, a percentile is not the same as a percentage score you get on a test in school (i.e., when you receive 85% on your biology test, you answered 85% of questions correctly). Rather, an ACT percentile score lets you know how you did in comparison with other test takers. This in turn makes your score easier to understand since the ACT uses a pretty ambiguous scale of 1-36. For instance, a 25th percentile score means you scored higher than 25% of ACT test takers, while a 98th percentile score means you scored higher than 98% of test takers. In short, the higher your percentile is, the better you did compared with others who took the ACT. For instance, on an easy in-class test (on which most students scored 90% or above), you could get a high test score like 91% and get a relatively low percentile like 10%. However, if the test were very hard for your class(e.g., only a few students scored above 20%),you could get a low test score like 28% and a relatively high percentile score like 95%. Percentile shifts tend not to be as extreme as this example since the ACT is equated,but I’ll discuss this more in-depth later on. Nonetheless,ACT percentiles are helpful for understanding your scaled scores,aspercentiles allow youto determine where you fall in comparison with other test takers. Do ACT Percentiles Change Over Time? Generally, for a specific scaled ACT score, the percentile of that score stays the same from year to year.That said, there can be some very slight changes (typically 3% at most from year to year). If you’re unsure how scaled ACT scores are determined,learn how to calculate your score. The reason there are only minimal percentile changes for a specific scaled score from year to year is that the ACT is equated to ensure the same curve on every test date. As anexample of the slight variation in percentile for a specific score, a score of 31 was the 96th percentile in 2014 but the 97th percentile in 2013. What does it mean for percentiles for each scaled score to stay about the same from year to year? As I mentioned earlier, ACT, Inc., tries to keep the score distributions the same so that onescaled score indicates the same level of ability across different test dates. For example, ascore of 32 means you scored better than around 97-98% of test takers in 2013 and 2016 (and any other year). Ultimately, thismeans that no one test date (or test year) is advantaged over another. All test dates are equated to ensure similar (if not identical) score distribution. Why Care About ACT Percentiles- EspeciallyPercentiles From Other Years? Your ACT percentile is important because it lets colleges compare your ACT score with those of other applicants (and, more generally, students across the country).Why is this important? If colleges looked at just your scaled score without any other information, they wouldn't have a clear sense of what makes a good ACT score and what makes a bad one. For example, if you got a 33 composite score and colleges didn't know your percentile, admissions officers might judge the ACT as a school test and think you got 33 out of 36- about 92% or an A-, which is good but not great. However, with ACT percentiles, colleges can know that a 33 is actually a 99th percentile score, meaning you scored better than 99% of test takers! Essentially, percentiles allow colleges to get a sense of how test takers perform on the ACT and allow them to compare you with students in the rest of the country. You should care about ACT percentiles from other years because you are applying to college with students who might have taken the ACT in other years, too.For example, although you might have taken the ACT in 2016 as a high school junior, some of your classmates applying to the same colleges as youmight have taken it later in 2017 as seniors. Say you and your classmate both scored 33, but you took the ACT in 2015 and he took it in 2016. Your score places you in the 99th percentile but puts him in the 98th percentile. This makes your 33 just slightly more impressive than his. ComparingACT percentiles for specific scaled scores across years is useful to know how you stack up against students who took the ACT a different year but are applying to the same colleges and at the same time as you. While percentile scores are important, theACT score rangefor your target college is the more important consideration. The ACT score range for colleges is the range in which the middle 50% of admitted students’ ACT scores fall.For instance, Yale’s ACT score range is 32-35- meaning 25% of admitted students scored at or below 32, and 75% scored at or below 35. Universities rely primarily on score ranges when making admissions decisions. For this reason, you’ll want your score to be at or above the 75th percentile (for example, 35 for Yale) to give yourself the best chance of being admitted. To find ACT score ranges for your schools, search â€Å"[School Name] ACT scores PrepScholar.†For a more detailed explanation, with tips on how to calculate your target score, readour guide to what a good ACT score is. The main reasons colleges care about their particular score ranges over national ACT percentiles are as follows: A college’s ACT score range is often a consideration in college ranking lists. As a result, colleges want to admit students with higher ACT scores so that they will be ranked higher. Colleges publish their score ranges each year. Thus,the higher the score range, the more impressive it seems to the public. While ACT score percentiles are an important part of the college admissions process, your final ACT composite score is the number that is most significant. OK, maybe not this historical. Historical ACT Percentiles for 20-2018 Below, I’ve listed the ACT score percentiles for each composite scaled score from 20-2018. I used data provided by ACT, Inc.,to assemble this and the charts below (for the percentiles for individual sections). Remember, apercentile is the percentage of test takers who scored at or below a certain scaled ACT score. ACT Score 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 20 36 100 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 35 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 34 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 33 98 98 98 99 99 99 99 99 32 97 97 97 97 98 98 98 98 31 95 95 96 96 96 97 97 97 30 93 93 94 94 95 95 95 95 29 91 91 92 92 92 93 93 93 28 89 88 89 89 90 91 90 91 27 86 85 86 86 87 87 87 87 26 82 82 83 82 83 84 83 83 25 78 78 79 78 79 79 79 79 24 74 73 74 73 74 75 74 74 23 69 68 69 68 68 69 68 68 22 63 63 64 62 62 63 62 62 21 58 57 58 56 56 56 55 55 20 51 51 51 50 50 50 48 48 19 45 44 45 43 43 43 41 41 18 39 38 39 37 36 36 34 34 17 32 31 32 30 30 30 28 28 16 26 25 26 24 24 24 21 22 15 20 19 19 18 18 18 16 16 14 14 13 14 12 12 12 13 8 7 8 7 7 8 6 7 12 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ACT English Historical Percentiles 20-2018 Below, I’ve listed the ACT score percentiles for each English scaled score from 20 to 2018. ACT English Score 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 20 36 100 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 35 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 34 97 97 98 98 98 99 99 98 33 95 95 96 96 97 97 97 97 32 93 93 94 95 95 95 96 96 31 92 92 93 93 93 94 94 94 30 91 91 91 91 92 92 92 92 29 88 88 89 89 90 90 90 90 28 87 86 88 87 87 88 88 88 27 85 84 85 84 85 86 86 85 26 82 81 82 82 82 83 82 82 25 79 79 79 78 79 79 78 78 24 75 74 75 73 74 75 74 73 23 70 69 70 69 69 70 68 67 22 64 64 65 63 64 64 63 63 21 59 58 59 58 58 59 57 56 20 53 53 53 52 52 52 50 49 19 47 47 47 46 45 45 43 43 18 43 43 43 41 40 40 38 38 17 39 39 39 36 36 36 33 34 16 35 34 35 32 32 32 29 29 15 29 29 29 27 27 26 24 24 14 23 22 23 21 21 21 18 18 13 18 17 17 16 6 16 14 14 12 14 13 14 3 13 13 12 10 10 10 10 10 9 9 10 6 6 7 7 7 7 6 6 9 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ACT Math Historical Percentiles 20-2018 Below, I’ve listed the ACT score percentiles for each Math scaled score from 20 to 2018. ACT Math Score 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 20 36 100 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 35 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 34 97 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 33 95 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 32 93 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 31 92 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 30 91 95 95 95 95 95 95 94 29 88 93 94 93 93 94 93 93 28 87 91 91 91 91 92 91 91 27 85 88 88 88 88 88 88 88 26 82 83 84 83 84 84 84 84 25 79 78 79 78 78 79 78 79 24 75 73 75 73 73 73 73 73 23 70 68 69 68 67 67 66 67 22 64 63 64 62 61 61 60 60 21 59 59 59 58 57 56 54 55 20 53 55 56 54 53 52 51 51 19 47 51 52 49 49 48 46 46 18 43 46 47 43 44 42 40 41 17 39 38 40 37 37 36 34 434 16 35 29 30 27 28 27 25 26 15 29 18 18 16 15 15 14 14 14 23 8 8 7 6 6 5 5 13 18 3 4 3 2 2 2 2 12 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ACT Reading Historical Percentiles 20-2018 Below, I’ve listed the ACT percentiles for each Reading scaled score from 20 to 2018. ACT Reading Score 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 20 36 100 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 35 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 34 97 97 98 98 98 99 98 99 33 95 95 96 97 97 97 97 97 32 93 93 94 94 95 95 95 95 31 90 90 91 92 92 93 93 93 30 88 88 89 89 89 90 90 90 29 85 85 86 86 86 87 87 87 28 83 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 27 80 79 81 80 81 82 82 82 26 77 77 78 77 78 79 78 79 25 74 74 74 74 74 76 75 75 24 71 70 71 71 71 72 71 71 23 66 65 66 66 66 66 66 66 22 60 60 60 60 61 62 60 61 21 54 53 56 54 56 56 55 55 20 48 48 48 48 48 49 48 48 19 43 42 43 42 42 43 42 42 18 37 37 37 36 35 37 36 36 17 31 30 31 30 31 31 29 30 16 27 26 26 25 25 26 24 25 15 22 21 22 20 20 21 20 20 14 17 16 16 15 16 16 15 15 13 12 12 12 12 10 10 12 8 7 7 7 7 8 7 7 4 5 4 3 4 4 3 3 10 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ACT ScienceHistorical Percentiles 20-2018 Below, I’ve listed the ACT score percentiles for each Science scaled score from 20 to 2018. ACT Science Score 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 20 36 100 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 35 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 34 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 33 97 97 98 98 98 99 99 99 32 96 96 97 97 97 98 98 98 31 95 95 96 95 96 97 97 97 30 94 94 94 94 95 96 96 96 29 92 92 92 93 93 94 95 95 28 91 90 89 92 92 92 93 93 27 88 88 86 89 90 90 91 90 26 86 85 83 87 86 87 87 87 25 82 82 79 82 83 84 83 83 24 77 77 74 76 77 77 77 77 23 70 70 69 69 70 70 69 70 22 64 63 64 62 63 64 62 62 21 56 55 58 55 55 57 55 56 20 49 49 51 48 48 48 47 47 19 42 41 45 40 41 40 38 38 18 36 35 39 33 32 33 31 31 17 29 28 32 27 27 26 24 24 16 23 22 26 22 21 22 19 20 15 18 16 19 16 16 17 15 15 14 14 12 14 12 13 13 12 13 10 8 8 9 9 10 8 8 12 6 5 4 6 6 7 6 6 3 3 2 3 4 4 4 4 10 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 What’s Next? Got more questions about ACT scores? Learn about what qualifies asa good ACT score for your collegeandhow to calculate your target score. Already got an ACT score goal? Then tryour 15 top tips for taking the ACTorour 20-hour prep guide. Finally, make sure you're studyingthe right way with our guide to reviewing your mistakes. Disappointed with your ACT scores? Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Role of Emotional Intelligence and Gender in an Organizations Essay

Role of Emotional Intelligence and Gender in an Organizations Leadership Styles - Essay Example This paper illustrates that some people believe that leaders are born whereas others are of the view that leaders are developed. In any case, it is a fact that genetics and environment play vital roles in shaping leadership styles of a person. It is not necessary that children of leaders may always become leaders or children of workers may not become leaders. Emotional intelligence and gender are two decisive factors which can influence leadership qualities in one way or another. According to Cherry, â€Å"Emotional intelligence (EI) refers to the ability to perceive, control and evaluate emotions. Some researchers suggest that emotional intelligence can be learned and strengthened, while others claim it is an inborn characteristic†. In any case, it is a fact that the leadership qualities of a person have strong associations with his emotional intelligence. People with weak emotional quotient may not function effectively when crisis situations develop whereas people with high emotional intelligence may not lose their temper and patience when the organization faces crisis situations. Same way, the manner in which a female leader reacts to a crisis situation need not be the same as male leader reacts to same situations. This paper analyses the role of emotional intelligence and gender in shaping leadership styles of different people in different organizations. The competition between Microsoft and Apple Inc. for domination in computer and consumer electronics market has caught the attention of many business pundits. 1980’s and 90’s were challenging periods for Apple and many people thought that Apple computers are on the verge of destruction. Microsoft did succeed in monopolizing operating system market during this period with the introduction of their window-based operating system for personal computers. On the other hand, Apple’s Macintosh operating system failed to make many waves in the market.

Price bubble Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 16

Price bubble - Essay Example literatures have already emphasized that financial asset markets showed price bubble as an existing phenomenon that shorts selling opportunities, limits price change rules and margins buying opportunities etc. In laboratory marketing analysis, conducted as out-of-class computerized microeconomic theory markets, it has been observed that price is more likely to be bubbled above intrinsic value and then crashed back to intrinsic value too. Price in the third laboratory market also tended to be intrinsic more accurately that sought to have a common price expectation with an asset share. The above mentioned market-laboratory experiment was very important because it has been able to address the potentially critical issues regarding the price bubble and how it is robust to various factors like, 1) substantial increase in group size, 2) inter-trader information existing outside laboratory privacy, 3) non-monetary reward structure etc. The market experiments have used a cash reward system wh ereby small markets with around fifteen traders watching the phenomenon in the market-laboratory. The price bubble phenomenon has resulted consistently with cash-reward, small group and strict privacy lab experiment for little experienced traders. The computerized market laboratory experiment highlighted that people are ready to buy assets at very high prices, though the accurate reason is quite unknown, it has been detailed that those who buy in such high prices perhaps gain profits from such doings by earning dividends or by selling to others. An interesting outcome of the experiment was the approximation of risk-neutral expectation market equilibrium, which was due to that traders in all three model markets began to learn that common market price expectation that is from their expected dividend earning with asset shares.

My Exchange Experience Essay Example for Free

My Exchange Experience Essay Ocean is more resplendent because of its waves; forest is lusher because of the rainstorms; and life is richer because of all the milestones. I always believe that what makes people different is not the starting point, but the turning point. Twenty years had been gone in my life, but I did not feel my growth and maturity until I went to California as a foreign exchange student. In 2006, I should be like many other sixteen-year-old teenagers who go to school every day and spend time with parents at home. However, I made a decision to come to the United States for ten month with AFS Intercultural Program. At first, my English teacher in China asked me if I want to go to the AFS winter camp, which is for selecting exchange students across the country. At that time, I had absolutely no idea about doing abroad. What I pictured my life was to finish high school, go to a college, and get a decent job. My parents advised me that there were two choices lying in front of me. On one hand, I could ignore the exchange program and live like what everyone does, whereas on the other hand, I could try to go to a different way of living. Finally, I was selected to be one of the sixty three exchange students who would go to the United States. Since I stepped onto the land of United States, lots of hardships have already waited to test me. The very beginning thing I had to handle was to become adapted to the American style of living, such as trying all different kinds of food, watching movies together with the family, getting up early on Christmas day morning to open presents from â€Å"Santa Claus†, and so on. Then, I had to get used to the life in school. In China, we do not have the opportunity to pick courses; whereas here in the United States, I got so many classes to choose from. What was more, I had to make decisions on my own instead of asking my parents like what I normally did back home. Usually, I had to prepare a lot of work for whole night, but I never told my parents how tired and hard I felt here. I never wanted them to worry about me, which was another big difference. In China, I could tell them all my feelings, however, in America, all I could do was to bear everything on my shoulder and kept going on without hesitance. I felt so lucky to get involved in this exchange experience, which is a really important milestone in my life because I harvested and grew up a lot from it. I got the chance to practice my oral English skills because I was the only Chinese in that town. And then, without the aid of Mom and Dad, I managed to do many things well relying on myself, which really steeled me. Instead of looking at America through TV shows, I was personally on the scene to experience American culture, especially the education system.

The Case For Progress :: Technology Technological Papers

The Case For Progress This assignment doesn’t scare me. I’m tackling it with WordPerfect 9 on my nice, new VAIO Pentium 4. It’s way more powerful than that last hunk of scrap, whatever it was caled, but I’m sure it’s not nearly as amazing a s whatever they’l think of next. Progress is such an exciting thing. It boggles the mind to think that, once upon a time, man made his way through the world with nothing but sticks and stones and his wits and no WordPerfect 9. Are scientists positive t hat those guys were the same species as us? If so, we’ve certainly grown up a lot. We overcame nature, for one thing. The primitives did rain dances. We have irrigation and central heating and cooling. We’ve managed to figure out how things work. Ev en 500 years ago, people thought the universe revolved around the Earth. Now we know about atoms and quarks and general relativity and evolution, and prety soon we’l have anti -mater thrusters. Everyone just builds on what everyone before them figured out, with each discovery making it faster and easier to discover things, and progress just happens and goes faster and faster until it’s a blur, like it’s powered by anti -mater thrusters and you can hardly keep track of it! There are a lot more reasons t han irrigation to have faith in progress. Look at the comfort it’s given us. I mean, if I want pain, I have to go find it. I have to pick a fight or do stupid bike tricks until I wipe out. But if I were a caveman, I would probably be covered in tooth s cars, have a spear wound in my bely, and live every day in fear of being brain -raped by a saber -toothed tiger fang. And everything is so easy these days. If I’m hungry, do I have to go try to kill something or start planting seeds? No, I just toss some Chef Boyardee in the microwave. If I want new girlie pictures I just log onto the internet. How did people get more nudie pics hundreds of years ago, I wonder? Probably had to draw it themselves or something. Speaking of the internet, how great an exa mple is that? People used to think that there were other countries that were ful of people who were stupid or mean or backward.

ANZ Sustainable Business Practices Essay

â€Å"Sustainable† business practices are being touted, or even required, more and more by western society. What is ANZ’s sustainability policy and how is this congruent (or not) with cutting edge sustainability thinking and theory. Does this thinking and practice change across borders? And if so, how does the ANZ’s Australian head office engage with it? Does what they espouse align with the reality of their practice? Over the past few decades, sustainable business practices have become more prevalent and required in corporations. Australian organisations are required to be responsible for being sustainable socially, economically and environmentally, here we focus on the environmental factors. Australia’s government is constantly coming up with new way for its people and businesses to follow more sustainable programs. Western society as a general believes that sustainable business practices are an essential part of any business policy. Pushes through meeting between world leaders, countries are now more than ever expected to upkeep sustainable conventions. Although almost all large corporations claim that they have strong sustainable business practices and policies, not all corporations espouse what they preach. It is difficult for any corporation to achieve sustainability at a level which pleases everybody, however most organisations are noticing that having sustainable business practices is rewarding both financially and at a customer satisfaction level. Meeting the needs of a business and its stakeholders, while at the same time managing it’s effects on society and the environment are core to business sustainability (Pojasek 2007). The culture we live in thrives off of new and improved ways of living. Finding the most sustainable option, in every case, allows organisations and their customers to grow. This generation will not stand for ignorance and insensible approaches to sustainability in the corporate world. Large businesses must be aware that the decisions they make will often impact beyond the walls around them, and that they must answer for the damage they cause. Organisations that shy away from sustainable options, be it due to finances or ignorance will see themselves placed under immense pressure from government organisations all the way down to the consumers. This push for a better tomorrow, is being incorporated around the world on a business and personal level. Burke (1991), lists ten characteristics for a sustainable  society, such as using renewable resources and linking development with conservation, these when applied to an organisation build a trust and a loyalty with stakeholders who align their morals with the companies they choose. If everyone were to stand by these rules, the prospect of the population doubling in the next fifty years may not seem so daunting. However not everyone abides, as it is not always economical or immediately beneficial to be sustainable and some corporations cannot see the footprints they are leaving behind for the next generations to deal with. Corporations need to see the potential for improving business value through sustainability, starting internally with management, before reaching out. The general consensus is that sustainable business practices are vital in the longevity of any organisation and needs to be taken seriously. Australia is ranked quite highly when it comes to cutting edge sustainabil ity thinking and theory. In fact the most sustainable company in the world in 2014 is Westpac Banking, which is an Australian corporation (Smith 2014). With four companies placed in the top hundred, on the most sustainable companies list, one can see that Australia’s expectations for business’ to adopt sustainable approaches throughout all their business operations is taking effect. The government uses many tactics to make sure that businesses are using sustainable business practices. One method is the annual Australian business award for sustainability, this is useful, as it is important to commend sustainable companies and it encourages a healthy competition to have the best continual business model and be more aware and proactive in regards to the environment. The Australian government is active in its move to promote and push for sustainable business practices, one of their more recent resolutions is the Clean Energy Legislation, which is made of individual bills covering levys on green house gases and fuel tax, this enforces corporations to oblige and making a move towards being green (Griffiths, 2012). However this means that certain organisations will do the bare minimum of what is required of them by law and nothing more. There are other initiatives in place to encourage sustainable business practices which are not legally binding, such as Sustainable Bu siness Australia, who provide policy recommendations and resources for sustainability challenges (SBA, n.d). Companies who become members with SBA are held in high regards by their stakeholders as they abide by the recommendations regarding carbon  action and resource solutions. There is also an emphasis on the people, and their crucial role in creating business value. Previously people were satisfied with just their basic needs being fulfilled, but no longer, we now see Maslow’s hierarchy of needs triangle unravelling as people require more to feel satisfied with themselves and what they do in their work space (Kiel, 1999). With encouragement from government and local communities, Australia is making an effort with great determination towards having the best sustainable business practices. ANZ (2013) asserts that it endeavours to recognise the environmental impact within its work places and branches, following social and environmental pressures to reduce them. ANZ makes it clear that they are aware of their environmental impact directly through their buildings, structures and empl oyees, as well as indirectly through their lending. They are certified carbon neutral with the National Carbon Offset standards and create progress reports biannually regarding their impact on a variety of areas such as gas emissions, water and paper usage and resource efficiency among others, they have been doing so for ten years (ANZ 2004). Although ANZ has variety of KPIs and targets to meet, they cannot always fulfil their requirements. One of the targets for 2013 was to reduce paper usage by converting everything into electronic statements, New Zealand successfully did so, however Australia did not reach that target, and has set it as a goal for the year to come (Nash 2013 p.68). ANZs sustainability policy is very broad and covers a range of issues, beginning with educating sustainability, it is seen as vital to begin by reaching out and teaching staff so they are aware of the impacts they have on the environment, directly and indirectly. The policy goes over safety, fairness and responsibility as well as maintaining an environmental management system and integrating government and community needs in regards to sustainability (ANZ 2004 pg.2). ANZ’s sustainability policy goes above and beyond what is required of them by law, this is the case through to stakeholder. ANZ works closely with its stakeholders through collaboration and engagement, progress is reported to stakeholders regularly and based on responses, ANZ makes public commitments which they aim to accomplish (ANZ n.d.). Questionable practices and unethical behaviour would have stakeholders removing themselves from being associated, for this reason ANZ aims high to please its stakeholders which intern promotes sustainability and business  continuity. Crossing borders to the rest of the world we find variations in sustainable business practices from commendable nuclear recycling in France to disgraceful toxic waste dumping off the Ivory coast. Every co untry has a different set of laws and legislations set up that can affect the way one runs a sustainable business. An Australian based corporation with locations around the world, still has to abide by the countries laws that they are set up in. Luckily more and more people are realising the benefit of sustainable business practices around the world such as Ray Anderson (Ted Talks, 2009) who claims, â€Å"The biggest culprit in this massive mistreatment of the earth by the human kind†¦that culprit is business and industry†, and that the only solution is for businesses to take responsibility of their actions and move towards more sustainable resolutions. In 1997 many of the worlds countries met in Kyoto, Japan to discuss greenhouse gas emissions, through this the Kyoto protocol was created with the aim to help avoid global warming (Gang 2007). Through these worldly events and meetings between leaders, countries are becoming more obligated to be vigorous in their attempts to create a sustainable future. As the governments accept new world protocols and create their own, businesses must oblige and follow suit. Overall western societies are all on the same page when it come sustainability, as they can afford to take steps to preparing for a greener future. It is a struggle with third world countries who do not have the funds to improve on their sustainability, such as the upfront costs of solar power. What must be realised that no matter poor or not, one cannot afford to be wasteful or carless with resources on this planet. Since 1835 ANZ has branched itself all over the world, originating in the United Kingdom, then Australia and now in the Asia Pacific region amongst other areas. Considering that business is being conducted in these areas, and major lending does occur, the effects of this must be contemplated. ANZ proactively adopts a program called the sensitive sector policy, which regulates who ANZ lends to. Employees who are working in the lending field at ANZ are thoroughly trained in social and environmental risk and how the people and companies they lend to will affect the standard of living and the environment in the country that they are in. This training goes on, and is consistent in all of ANZ’s branches across the planet from Australia to Hong  Kong and Singapore (ANZ n.d.). ANZ does put an effort in to having a globally sustainable business policy, not just within their company but also through the communities it works in. In 2013 one of ANZ’s global key aims was to have their staff do at least 100,000 hours of volunteering in the districts that they operate in. They hit ninety precent of their target, which is an achievement (Nash 2013). What ANZ is seeing is that businesses need to seek sustainable solutions internally as well as externally, as they have an affect on whichever communities they are in. They use a geocentric view, which is more world orientated and find people from around the globe who are best suited to knowing what is needed in the communities that they are in. ANZ uses an accommodative approach to corporate social responsibility. Luke (2013) says that CSR is a type of political agenda, a way to deceive people that one is doing good for good, even so the social impact programs and the environmental outreach, whether a form of coercion to be seen as a good and successful company, still has a positive effect even if the intentions weren’t so. ANZ also partners with WWF, which is aimed at creating awareness, providing information and education in regards to the environment and sustainability within the corporation and to the customers it serves (ANZ, n.d.). ANZ aspires to have and uphold sustainable business practices globally and believes that it is. Although companies aim to achieve the best sustainable business policies, often they cannot hold true to their word. Unfortunately for ANZ due to their investments in projects which will have an adverse affect on the climate and natural habitats of the Great Barrier Reef, their customers are protesting, threatening and are indeed changing banks (Vincent, 2013). In fact ANZ is Australia top lender when it comes to coal and gas projects, they have already lent a whopping $1.1 Billion to the undertaking of finding fossil fuels in the Great Barrier Reef (Charlie, 2013). Interestingly though, ANZ’s attitudes on the subject of coal and fossil fuel investments are not negative. ANZ actually approaches the subject of their investments in coal and fossil fuels as a positive, even though this area is receiving a large amount of negative publicity on the news and from a variety of NGO’s. They do not try to hide their investments either. Their argument is that coal is one of Australia’s main sources of energy and is also our second largest export, therefore helping finance the country (Nash, 2013). Although they do  fund many of these fossil fuel and coal schemes, they do control where they invest, ANZ has recently not agreed to lend to three coal and gas-fired power prospects, because of various reasons including the level of gr eenhouse gas involved and incompetent business practices (Nash 2013). Whilst the intentions of most large corporations are for the good, often the product of their doings is not seen that way. To continue to be a successful business, one must always seek to improve and to look towards a sustainable future. ANZ has done an outstanding job at doing so, winning awards in innovation and excellence, and coming in as a finalist in the award for the best sustainable development in the new buildings category. All architects and builders now look towards creating a harmony between building designs and being environmentally conscious. Studies have shown that using sustainable building methods can be more cost efficient in the long term (Sims, Rogner & Gregory, 2003). ANZ has gone above and beyond in 2009 when they completed the work on their accredited six green star ANZ headquarters, situated in the docklands of Melbourne. This building includes a myriad of environmental features such as solar power, wind turbines, tri-generation black water recycling, and use of the river cooling (Puchalski 2011). One of ANZ’s objectives for the coming years is to increase their lending to lower carbon emission power and financing new energy opportunities. While it was uncovered that one of ANZ’s customer was attaining oil from illegal palm oil plantations, ANZ identified the situation, and through delicate discussion, cleared the air and made sure that all practices were completely certified (Nash 2013). ANZ has many goals and KPIs both financial and non financial that they set and aim to achieve every year, a surprising amount of these are part of their sustainable business policy. As a corporation they are doing more good than harm. Whilst countless organisations aim for profit growth, the need of sustainable business practices means that choices may be made that might not necessarily maximise capital, but will be beneficial for society and the environment. Sustainable business practices are essential to all organisations, even more so in the western world. Sustainable technology is constantly growing as the need for it expands. However it is not always simple to comply and meet everyone’s expectations when it comes to sustainability, even so through world incentive corporations are being pushed to take the matter seriously. Although there are set policies for  what is appropriate and approved, businesses have the ability to surpass what is expected of them and in doing so help nurture a sustainable future. Reference List ANZ 2013, Our approach and performance, ANZ, Australia, viewed 25 April 2014, www.anz.com.au/about-us/corporate-responsibility/framework/urban-sustainability. ANZ n.d., Engagement and best practices, ANZ, Australia, viewed 6 May 2014 http://www.anz.com.au/about-us/corporate-responsibility/environment/engagement-best-practice/ ANZ n.d., Sensitive sector policies, ANZ, Australia, viewed 26 April 2014, http://www.anz.com.au/about-us/corporate-responsibility/customers/responsible-business-lending/policies-guidelines/sector-policies/. ANZ n.d., Stakeholder Engagement, ANZ, Australia, viewed 25 April 2014, http://www.anz.com.au/about-us/corporate-responsibility/more-mike/stakeholder-engagement/. Burke, J, 1991, Caring for the Earth: A Strategy for Sustainable Living, IUCN/Gland, Switzerland, viewed 25 April 2014, https://portals.iucn.org/library/efiles/edocs/CFE-003.pdf. Charlie, 2013, Coal and climate dominate ANZ AGM, 350 Australia, viewed 23 April 2014, http://350.org.au/coal-and-climat e-dominates-anz-agm/. Griffiths, M 2012, ‘Climate change policy in Australia: contexts and consultation on the Clean Energy Legislative Package’, Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on e-Government, held in Barcelona, Spain 14-15 June, 2012, Academic Conferences and Publishing International, M. Gascà ³, pp. 1-9. Kiel, J 1999, ‘Reshaping Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to reflect today’s educational and managerial philosophies’, Journal of Instructional Psychology, September, Vol. 26 Issue 3, p167, viewed 6 May 2014, Teacher reference centre Luke, T 2013, ‘Corporate Social Responsibility: An Uneasy Merger of Sustainability and Development’, Sustainable Development, March, Vol. 21 Issue 2, p83, viewed 5 May 2014, EBSCO Host. Nash, J 2013, Corporate sustainability report 2013, ANZ, viewed 25 April 2014, http://www.anz.com/resources/e/2/e29f5bf3-8b7e-456f-a3a3-f381b46a99f8/ANZ_Sustainability_Review_FY13.pdf. Pojasek, R 2007, â₠¬ËœA framework of business sustainability’ Environmental quality management, December, vol. 17, issue 2, p.81, viewed 23 April 2014, Wiley Online Library.

Legalizing Marijuana Marc Dalcin

Legalizing Marijuana Marc Dalcin Dr. Marie Carroll Ashford Intro To Ethics And Social Responsibility 08/10/12 Marijuana has been at the center of a heated debate regarding its legalization. It has received both criticism and praise in equal measure. Critics refer to marijuana as a â€Å"devil weed† while supporters have often referred it to a â€Å"miracle drug. † Despite the different references to marijuana, there has been a prolonged debate on whether it should be legalized for personal use or not.There are two approaches to the use of marijuana with one involving medicinal purposes while the other involves purposes of pleasure. Medical health is an important aspect of human life and the legalization of marijuana for medicinal purposes has the importance of improving human health. In the case of using marijuana for pleasure, there is the issue of abuse of drugs, which often results in lawlessness among users. Legalizing marijuana presents an ethical dilemma in the se nse that it is difficult to ascertain the intentions of the users hence the drug may end up being used for the wrong reasons (Burnham, 2011).This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the ethical dilemma arising from the debate on legalizing marijuana and presents the use of deontological reasoning theory in solving the dilemma. The paper also includes a comparison between deontological reasoning and relativism with the eventual identification of the theory that best relates to the personal opinion with regards to the debate on legalizing marijuana. The question of legalizing marijuana Should the use personal use of marijuana be legalized? There are numerous uses associated with marijuana.AIDS and cancer patients find marijuana useful as a drug that restores appetite and fights nausea. Marijuana also has nutritional value because its seeds contain vitamins and can be used in preparing cooking oil (Rosenthal, Kubby & Newhart, 2003). Research studies also indicate that the mariju ana can be used in the manufacturing of clothes. The plant has been used in the manufacturing of paper and clothing material for a very long time and is considered produce higher amount of fibre compared to trees. Environmentalists have found the marijuana plant important in addressing the problem of deforestation and soil erosion.Marijuana is beneficial in the restoration of lost soil nutrients. To law enforcement agencies, marijuana is considered to play a major role in increasing the number of crime rates. A significant number of incarcerated criminals have at least used marijuana prior to their arrest. The above analysis on the use of marijuana and its impact clearly points out to the fact that one group will support the legalization of marijuana while the other will oppose such a move. However, the debate can be solved using two theories of deontological reasoning and relativism.Deontological Reasoning The theory of deontological reasoning proposes that actions are either corre ct or wrong in themselves without taking into account their consequences. The theory of deontological reasoning can be best explained with the use of an example of a murder case. In such a situation, a deontologist considers the act of murder as wrong based on the fact that it involves taking the life of another person. It is assumed that humans have the duty of preserving life hence one should never kill no matter the circumstances (Mizzoni, 2009).In a nutshell, this implies that the end does not justify the means. Generally, deontologists believe that human beings have the duty of upholding morality. People have the moral duty to do the right things and avoid doing things that are wrong. The consequences of an action are never considered in determining whether the action is right or wrong. An individual has to consider his or her moral duty in order to make moral decisions. In this case, the personal use of marijuana is considered right or wrong based on the moral duty of users ra ther than the consequence of the plant on its user.The theory of deontological reasoning is connected to three concepts including rights, duties and principles (Burnham, 2011). However, our discussion only focuses on duties in analyzing the debate on legalizing the personal use of marijuana. There is a brief discussion of the concept of rights with regards to the theory of deontological reasoning. If an individual has the right to life, other people have the duty of making sure that such a right is respected. This relates with the issue of legalizing the use of marijuana. From a doctor’s perspective, medical marijuana has medicinal value and can be used in preserving life through healing.In such a case, the government and law enforcement agencies have the duty of respecting the right to life by legalizing the use of marijuana in providing treatment (Gerber, 2004). Marijuana may also be used for a different purpose such as pleasure, which may eventually result in users going i nsane. In order to preserve the life of users, there is an urgent need to make it illegal for users to abuse marijuana. This is because it will reduce the number of cases related to drug abuse hence saving a significant number of the human population from getting insane or engaging in criminal activities.Insanity and criminal actions have may result in the loss of life. The theory of deontological behavior proposes two classes of duties. First, there are general duties, which are commonly identified as prohibitions. Examples of prohibitions include do not kill, do not steal, and assist the needy among other general duties. The second class of duties relate to duties arising from the fact that there exists specific social relationships. For instance, if an individual has made a promise, then he or she has the duty of keeping the promise.Additionally, if one is a parent, then he or she has the duty to provide for the children. In this case, legalizing the personal use of marijuana is considered under the class of general duties (Jebreal & Lukes, 2011). One argument is that marijuana should be prohibited because it involves abuse of substances. On the other hand, doctors with patients have the duty to provide them with treatment even if it involves the use of marijuana as a medicine. Aquinas notes that each person has duties related to personal actions. An individual has a duty to keep promises, but does not have the duty to ensure that promises are kept.According to the theory of deontology, people should be more concerned with fulfilling personal duties but never make attempts of bringing out the most good. This is because it may result in the violation of the concept of a duty. In this case, we only have the duty of meeting the needs of other people rather than maximize the good (Mizzoni, 2009). There are a number of actions that people may choose from but they are free to act as they please. Basically, this means that people have the option of using marijuana for whatever reasons regardless of its consequences. There are instances when duties conflict with each other.W. D. Ross notes that in such cases, one does not require rules in solving such a conflict. One is only required to use their judgment in arriving at a solution. However, there are cases whereby one lacks the criteria that can be used in making decisions (Mizzoni, 2009). Deontologists argue that identifying the intentions of actions can provide a solution. Ross argues that actions are determined to be wrong or right based on the intentions of the agent. Therefore, deontological reasoning justifies the legalization of marijuana on the basis that it is used to improve human health.The use of marijuana can only be considered illegal if users intend to harm others. Relativism According to the theory of relativism, an action is considered moral or immoral relative to the cultural norms of the agent. This means that an action is considered right or wrong based on the moral norms of the culture within which it is practiced. A particular action may be considered moral in one culture while immoral in another culture. Relativists are opposed to the use of universal moral standards in determining whether an action is right or wrong (Jebreal & Lukes, 2011).The United Kingdom may consider the use marijuana as morally wrong while Amsterdam considers it morally right. According to relativists, there is no standard framework to be used in resolving moral disputes such as the legalization of marijuana across different members of society. Relativism is different from deontological reasoning in the sense that upholds societal norms as the determining factor on moral issues. According to relativism, marijuana should be legalized or not based on what society considers being moral or immoral (Jebreal & Lukes, 2011).However, in the case of deontological reasoning, actions are considered to be right or wrong based on the moral duties of an individual. Whereas relativism plac es emphasis on society in solving ethical dilemmas, deontological reasoning places emphasis on the moral duty of an individual. In this case, a relativist may support the legalization of marijuana because it is commonly used among members of his or her society. The same person may oppose legalizing marijuana because it is uncommon to use marijuana or use of marijuana is considered immoral within his society.The theory of relativism raises a number of important issues related to legalizing marijuana. First, different societies have conflicting moral beliefs and that believes of people within a society are deeply determined by their culture. It is therefore important that we incorporate the relativism when arguing for or against legalizing marijuana. Second, the theory provides for the exploration of reasons that influence the differences in beliefs of different individuals. This ensures that we also challenge the beliefs we hold for or against the legalization of marijuana (Burnham, 2011). Marijuana should be legalizedMy personal opinion is that there should be the legalization of marijuana. After making comparisons between the theory of relativism and deontological reasoning, I have discovered that relativism contains views that are closer to my own views. The issue of legalizing or prohibiting marijuana should be determine on the basis of what society views to be right or wrong rather than the moral duties of an individual. The theory of deontological reasoning argues that individuals have the moral duty to do what is right and at the same time avoid what is wrong but such actions are never aimed at aximizing most good (Gerber, 2004). However, relativism argues that an action is morally good or bad based on the cultural norms of a society. In such a case, actions are either considered to be good or bad for the collective benefit of society. This means that marijuana should be legalized because it helps the society or it should be made illegal because it harms the society. There are two perspectives that can be used in supporting the use of marijuana. They include marijuana as a medicine and marijuana as an illicit drug. Medical MarijuanaSince 1972, medical marijuana has been considered an illegal substance in the United States and across a number of countries in the world. In the United States, the congress banned the use of medical marijuana on the basis that it was harmful to the health of consumers and even placed it in the first schedule of the Controlled Substances Act. Generally, the congress considered that the drug did not have any healthy gains for the human body. However, recent research studies on the effects of marijuana provided different results to the claims presented by the US congress.Theses research studies have led to the discovery that medical marijuana can be used as medicine and has the potential to heal a number of diseases (Burnham, 2011). Marijuana contains a chemical THC, which has been proven to be harmless to human body. The new discoveries provide enough reasons for the legalization of marijuana. Failure to legalize marijuana implies that a significant number of people will be denied access to proper medication. Marijuana as an illicit drug Illicit drug use is a major problem and many countries led by the US have found it very difficult to address the problem.Various governments have established a number of programs aimed at solving the problem including treatment and prevention programs, international narcotics control, and drug education programs (Rosenthal, Kubby & Newhart, 2003). Despite the efforts of government agencies to solve the problem of illicit drugs use, there is still an increase in the number of drug users. Research studies indicate that marijuana is the most commonly abused illicit drug. A perfect example is that in 1990, the US recorded approximately 6 million people using marijuana on a weekly basis or more.The increasing usage of marijuana as an illicit drug has bee n closely associated with crime rates all over the world. In 2002, the US reported that approximately 40 percent of jailed adults have at least tried using marijuana. This has the implication that the legalization of marijuana presents a big threat to law and order. Despite the fact that the use of marijuana has become a major problem, the war against its use has proven to be very costly compared to the benefits accrued from legalizing marijuana.For instance, the United States of America spends approximately 12 billion dollars in fighting the problem of marijuana. Legalizing the use of the same drug has the benefit of earning revenues for the government from taxation of marijuana. Instead of the government banning the use marijuana, it should legalize it but ensure that its cultivation, sale and purchase are regulated in order to control criminal activities associated with marijuana (Gerber, 2004). Legalizing marijuana is indeed an ethical dilemma given the fact that it can be used as medicine as well as an illicit drug.However, deontological reasoning proposes that an action is good or bad based on the moral duty of an individual rather than its consequence. The theory therefore proposes that the morality of legalizing the use of marijuana is a personal choice. On the contrary, the theory of relativism proposes that an action is morally ethical relative to the culture within such an action is practiced (Rosenthal, Kubby & Newhart, 2003). It is on the basis of the theory of relativism that I propose the legalization of the use of marijuana.The benefits of legalizing marijuana such as healing and economic value far outweigh the cost of prohibiting its use. References Burnham, A. (2011). Benefits of Legalizing Marijuana. New York: GRIN Verlag. Gerber, J. R. (2004). Legalizing Marijuana: Drug Policy Reform and Prohibition Politics. New York: Greenwood Publishing Group. Jebreal, R. & Lukes, S. (2011). Moral Relativism. New York: Profile Books. Mizzoni, J. (2009). Ethics: The Basics. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Rosenthal, E. , Kubby, S. & Newhart, S. (2003). Why Marijuana Should Be Legal. Chicago: Running Press. Legalizing Marijuana Marc Dalcin Legalizing Marijuana Marc Dalcin Dr. Marie Carroll Ashford Intro To Ethics And Social Responsibility 08/10/12 Marijuana has been at the center of a heated debate regarding its legalization. It has received both criticism and praise in equal measure. Critics refer to marijuana as a â€Å"devil weed† while supporters have often referred it to a â€Å"miracle drug. † Despite the different references to marijuana, there has been a prolonged debate on whether it should be legalized for personal use or not.There are two approaches to the use of marijuana with one involving medicinal purposes while the other involves purposes of pleasure. Medical health is an important aspect of human life and the legalization of marijuana for medicinal purposes has the importance of improving human health. In the case of using marijuana for pleasure, there is the issue of abuse of drugs, which often results in lawlessness among users. Legalizing marijuana presents an ethical dilemma in the se nse that it is difficult to ascertain the intentions of the users hence the drug may end up being used for the wrong reasons (Burnham, 2011).This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the ethical dilemma arising from the debate on legalizing marijuana and presents the use of deontological reasoning theory in solving the dilemma. The paper also includes a comparison between deontological reasoning and relativism with the eventual identification of the theory that best relates to the personal opinion with regards to the debate on legalizing marijuana. The question of legalizing marijuana Should the use personal use of marijuana be legalized? There are numerous uses associated with marijuana.AIDS and cancer patients find marijuana useful as a drug that restores appetite and fights nausea. Marijuana also has nutritional value because its seeds contain vitamins and can be used in preparing cooking oil (Rosenthal, Kubby & Newhart, 2003). Research studies also indicate that the mariju ana can be used in the manufacturing of clothes. The plant has been used in the manufacturing of paper and clothing material for a very long time and is considered produce higher amount of fibre compared to trees. Environmentalists have found the marijuana plant important in addressing the problem of deforestation and soil erosion.Marijuana is beneficial in the restoration of lost soil nutrients. To law enforcement agencies, marijuana is considered to play a major role in increasing the number of crime rates. A significant number of incarcerated criminals have at least used marijuana prior to their arrest. The above analysis on the use of marijuana and its impact clearly points out to the fact that one group will support the legalization of marijuana while the other will oppose such a move. However, the debate can be solved using two theories of deontological reasoning and relativism.Deontological Reasoning The theory of deontological reasoning proposes that actions are either corre ct or wrong in themselves without taking into account their consequences. The theory of deontological reasoning can be best explained with the use of an example of a murder case. In such a situation, a deontologist considers the act of murder as wrong based on the fact that it involves taking the life of another person. It is assumed that humans have the duty of preserving life hence one should never kill no matter the circumstances (Mizzoni, 2009).In a nutshell, this implies that the end does not justify the means. Generally, deontologists believe that human beings have the duty of upholding morality. People have the moral duty to do the right things and avoid doing things that are wrong. The consequences of an action are never considered in determining whether the action is right or wrong. An individual has to consider his or her moral duty in order to make moral decisions. In this case, the personal use of marijuana is considered right or wrong based on the moral duty of users ra ther than the consequence of the plant on its user.The theory of deontological reasoning is connected to three concepts including rights, duties and principles (Burnham, 2011). However, our discussion only focuses on duties in analyzing the debate on legalizing the personal use of marijuana. There is a brief discussion of the concept of rights with regards to the theory of deontological reasoning. If an individual has the right to life, other people have the duty of making sure that such a right is respected. This relates with the issue of legalizing the use of marijuana. From a doctor’s perspective, medical marijuana has medicinal value and can be used in preserving life through healing.In such a case, the government and law enforcement agencies have the duty of respecting the right to life by legalizing the use of marijuana in providing treatment (Gerber, 2004). Marijuana may also be used for a different purpose such as pleasure, which may eventually result in users going i nsane. In order to preserve the life of users, there is an urgent need to make it illegal for users to abuse marijuana. This is because it will reduce the number of cases related to drug abuse hence saving a significant number of the human population from getting insane or engaging in criminal activities.Insanity and criminal actions have may result in the loss of life. The theory of deontological behavior proposes two classes of duties. First, there are general duties, which are commonly identified as prohibitions. Examples of prohibitions include do not kill, do not steal, and assist the needy among other general duties. The second class of duties relate to duties arising from the fact that there exists specific social relationships. For instance, if an individual has made a promise, then he or she has the duty of keeping the promise.Additionally, if one is a parent, then he or she has the duty to provide for the children. In this case, legalizing the personal use of marijuana is considered under the class of general duties (Jebreal & Lukes, 2011). One argument is that marijuana should be prohibited because it involves abuse of substances. On the other hand, doctors with patients have the duty to provide them with treatment even if it involves the use of marijuana as a medicine. Aquinas notes that each person has duties related to personal actions. An individual has a duty to keep promises, but does not have the duty to ensure that promises are kept.According to the theory of deontology, people should be more concerned with fulfilling personal duties but never make attempts of bringing out the most good. This is because it may result in the violation of the concept of a duty. In this case, we only have the duty of meeting the needs of other people rather than maximize the good (Mizzoni, 2009). There are a number of actions that people may choose from but they are free to act as they please. Basically, this means that people have the option of using marijuana for whatever reasons regardless of its consequences. There are instances when duties conflict with each other.W. D. Ross notes that in such cases, one does not require rules in solving such a conflict. One is only required to use their judgment in arriving at a solution. However, there are cases whereby one lacks the criteria that can be used in making decisions (Mizzoni, 2009). Deontologists argue that identifying the intentions of actions can provide a solution. Ross argues that actions are determined to be wrong or right based on the intentions of the agent. Therefore, deontological reasoning justifies the legalization of marijuana on the basis that it is used to improve human health.The use of marijuana can only be considered illegal if users intend to harm others. Relativism According to the theory of relativism, an action is considered moral or immoral relative to the cultural norms of the agent. This means that an action is considered right or wrong based on the moral norms of the culture within which it is practiced. A particular action may be considered moral in one culture while immoral in another culture. Relativists are opposed to the use of universal moral standards in determining whether an action is right or wrong (Jebreal & Lukes, 2011).The United Kingdom may consider the use marijuana as morally wrong while Amsterdam considers it morally right. According to relativists, there is no standard framework to be used in resolving moral disputes such as the legalization of marijuana across different members of society. Relativism is different from deontological reasoning in the sense that upholds societal norms as the determining factor on moral issues. According to relativism, marijuana should be legalized or not based on what society considers being moral or immoral (Jebreal & Lukes, 2011).However, in the case of deontological reasoning, actions are considered to be right or wrong based on the moral duties of an individual. Whereas relativism plac es emphasis on society in solving ethical dilemmas, deontological reasoning places emphasis on the moral duty of an individual. In this case, a relativist may support the legalization of marijuana because it is commonly used among members of his or her society. The same person may oppose legalizing marijuana because it is uncommon to use marijuana or use of marijuana is considered immoral within his society.The theory of relativism raises a number of important issues related to legalizing marijuana. First, different societies have conflicting moral beliefs and that believes of people within a society are deeply determined by their culture. It is therefore important that we incorporate the relativism when arguing for or against legalizing marijuana. Second, the theory provides for the exploration of reasons that influence the differences in beliefs of different individuals. This ensures that we also challenge the beliefs we hold for or against the legalization of marijuana (Burnham, 2011). Marijuana should be legalizedMy personal opinion is that there should be the legalization of marijuana. After making comparisons between the theory of relativism and deontological reasoning, I have discovered that relativism contains views that are closer to my own views. The issue of legalizing or prohibiting marijuana should be determine on the basis of what society views to be right or wrong rather than the moral duties of an individual. The theory of deontological reasoning argues that individuals have the moral duty to do what is right and at the same time avoid what is wrong but such actions are never aimed at aximizing most good (Gerber, 2004). However, relativism argues that an action is morally good or bad based on the cultural norms of a society. In such a case, actions are either considered to be good or bad for the collective benefit of society. This means that marijuana should be legalized because it helps the society or it should be made illegal because it harms the society. There are two perspectives that can be used in supporting the use of marijuana. They include marijuana as a medicine and marijuana as an illicit drug. Medical MarijuanaSince 1972, medical marijuana has been considered an illegal substance in the United States and across a number of countries in the world. In the United States, the congress banned the use of medical marijuana on the basis that it was harmful to the health of consumers and even placed it in the first schedule of the Controlled Substances Act. Generally, the congress considered that the drug did not have any healthy gains for the human body. However, recent research studies on the effects of marijuana provided different results to the claims presented by the US congress.Theses research studies have led to the discovery that medical marijuana can be used as medicine and has the potential to heal a number of diseases (Burnham, 2011). Marijuana contains a chemical THC, which has been proven to be harmless to human body. The new discoveries provide enough reasons for the legalization of marijuana. Failure to legalize marijuana implies that a significant number of people will be denied access to proper medication. Marijuana as an illicit drug Illicit drug use is a major problem and many countries led by the US have found it very difficult to address the problem.Various governments have established a number of programs aimed at solving the problem including treatment and prevention programs, international narcotics control, and drug education programs (Rosenthal, Kubby & Newhart, 2003). Despite the efforts of government agencies to solve the problem of illicit drugs use, there is still an increase in the number of drug users. Research studies indicate that marijuana is the most commonly abused illicit drug. A perfect example is that in 1990, the US recorded approximately 6 million people using marijuana on a weekly basis or more.The increasing usage of marijuana as an illicit drug has bee n closely associated with crime rates all over the world. In 2002, the US reported that approximately 40 percent of jailed adults have at least tried using marijuana. This has the implication that the legalization of marijuana presents a big threat to law and order. Despite the fact that the use of marijuana has become a major problem, the war against its use has proven to be very costly compared to the benefits accrued from legalizing marijuana.For instance, the United States of America spends approximately 12 billion dollars in fighting the problem of marijuana. Legalizing the use of the same drug has the benefit of earning revenues for the government from taxation of marijuana. Instead of the government banning the use marijuana, it should legalize it but ensure that its cultivation, sale and purchase are regulated in order to control criminal activities associated with marijuana (Gerber, 2004). Legalizing marijuana is indeed an ethical dilemma given the fact that it can be used as medicine as well as an illicit drug.However, deontological reasoning proposes that an action is good or bad based on the moral duty of an individual rather than its consequence. The theory therefore proposes that the morality of legalizing the use of marijuana is a personal choice. On the contrary, the theory of relativism proposes that an action is morally ethical relative to the culture within such an action is practiced (Rosenthal, Kubby & Newhart, 2003). It is on the basis of the theory of relativism that I propose the legalization of the use of marijuana.The benefits of legalizing marijuana such as healing and economic value far outweigh the cost of prohibiting its use. References Burnham, A. (2011). Benefits of Legalizing Marijuana. New York: GRIN Verlag. Gerber, J. R. (2004). Legalizing Marijuana: Drug Policy Reform and Prohibition Politics. New York: Greenwood Publishing Group. Jebreal, R. & Lukes, S. (2011). Moral Relativism. New York: Profile Books. Mizzoni, J. (2009). Ethics: The Basics. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Rosenthal, E. , Kubby, S. & Newhart, S. (2003). Why Marijuana Should Be Legal. Chicago: Running Press.

Conjugating Spanish Verbs in the Conditional Tense

Conjugating Spanish Verbs in the Conditional Tense The conjugation of the conditional tense is fairly straightforward, because all three types of verbs (-ar, -er and -ir) use the same ending, and the ending is applied to the infinitive rather than to a portion of the verb. Also, there are few irregular verbs in the conditional. These are the endings that are applied to turn an infinitive to a verb in the conditional tense: First-person singular (I): -à ­aSecond-person singular (familiar you): -à ­asThird-person singular (he, she, formal you): -à ­aFirst-person plural (we): -à ­amosSecond-person plural (familiar you): -à ­aisThird-person plural (they, familiar you): -à ­an As an example, here are the conjugated forms of vivir (to live) using the same pattern as is applied to all regular verbs. Yo vivirà ­a, I would liveTà º vivirà ­as, you (informal singular) would liveUsted, à ©l, ella vivirà ­a, you (formal singular), he, she would liveNosotros, nosotras vivirà ­amos, we would liveVosotros, vosotras vivirà ­ais, you (informal plural) would liveEllos, ellas ustedes vivirà ­an, they, you (plural formal) would live You may notice that the endings attached to the infinitives are the same as the endings of haber in the imperfect, just as the endings attached to infinitives to make the future tense are the same as the endings of haber  (but with added accent marks) in the present tense. And theres another similarity with the future tense: Some verbs are irregular in the future tense in that the ending is attached to a variation of the stem rather than to the infinitive. The same verbs that are irregular in the future tense are irregular in the conditional, and in the same way. So just as the first-person future of tener is tendrà © instead of tenerà ©, the first-person conditional of tener is tendrà ­a instead of tenerà ­a. The same pattern is followed for the other persons, with this being the full conjugation of tener in the conditional: tendrà ­a, tendrà ­as, tendrà ­a, tendrà ­amos, tendrà ­ais, tendrà ­an. Common Verbs With Irregular in the Conditional Here are the most common verbs that are irregular in the conditional: Caber (to fit): cabrà ­a, cabrà ­as Decir (to say): dirà ­a, dirà ­as Haber (to have): habrà ­a, habrà ­as Hacer (to do or make): harà ­a, harà ­asPoder (to be able): podrà ­a, podrà ­as Poner (to put): pondrà ­a, pondrà ­as Querer (to want): querrà ­a, querrà ­as Saber (to know): sabrà ­a, sabrà ­asSalir (to leave): saldrà ­a, saldrà ­as Valer (to be worth): valdrà ­a, valdrà ­as Venir (to come): vendrà ­a, vendrà ­as The other verbs that are irregular in the conditional are based on these verbs. For example, proponer follows the pattern of poner, and deshacer follows the pattern of hacer. Finally, here are some examples of sentences using the conditional: Te amarà ­a si supiera tu nombre. I would love you if I knew your name.No comprarà ­amos tantas cosas. We would never buy so many things.Si me preguntan, yo dirà ­a que lo mejor es decir no. If they ask me, I would say that the best thing is to say no.Nos decà ­an que no saldrà ­amos vivos. They told us we would not leave alive.Si recomendaran mi libro  ¿lo leerà ­an ustedes? If they were to recommend my book, would you read it?

Shakespearean Insults From A to Z

Shakespearean Insults From A to Z William Shakespeare is one of the best insult-slinging writers in the English language. Do you ever find yourself wishing you had an inventive way to let off steam? Try some of these clever Shakespearean quips, organized alphabetically by the work in which they are found. Shakespearean Insults Alls Well that Ends Well (2.3.262)â€Å"You are not worth another word, else Id call you knave.†As You Like It (3.2.248)â€Å"I do desire we may be better strangers.†The Comedy of Errors (4.2.22-5)â€Å"He is deformed, crooked, old and sere, /  Ill-faced, worse bodied, shapeless everywhere; /  Vicious, ungentle, foolish, blunt, unkind; /  Stigmatical in making, worse in mind.†The Comedy of Errors (4.4.24)â€Å"Thou whoreson, senseless villain!†Coriolanus (2.1.36)â€Å"You abilities are too infant-like for doing much alone.†Coriolanus (2.1.59)â€Å"They lie deadly that tell you you have good faces .†Coriolanus (2.1.91)â€Å"More of your conversation would infect my brain.†Coriolanus (5.1.108-9)â€Å"For such things as you, I can scarce think theres any, yere so slight.†Coriolanus (5.4.18)â€Å"The tartness of his face sours ripe grapes.†Cymbeline (1.1.128)â€Å"Away! Thourt poison to my blood.†Hamlet (2.2.198) â€Å"They have a plentiful lack of wit.†Hamlet (5.2.335-6)â€Å"Here, thou incestuous, murderous, damned Dane, /  Drink off this potion!† 1 Henry IV (2.4.225-6)â€Å"This sanguine coward, this bed-presser, this horseback-breaker, this huge hill of flesh!†1 Henry IV (2.4.227-9)â€Å"Sblood, you starveling, you elf-skin, you dried neats tongue, you bulls pizzle, you stock-fish! O for breath to utter what is like thee! you tailors-yard, you sheath, you bowcase; you vile standing-tuck!†1 Henry IV (3.3.40)â€Å"There’s no more faith in thee than in a stewed prune.†2 Henry IV (2.4.120-22)â€Å"Away, you cut-purse rascal! you filthy bung, away! By this wine, Ill thrust my knife in your mouldy chaps, an you play the saucy cuttle with me. Away, you bottle-ale rascal! you basket-hilt stale juggler, you!Henry V (2.1.100)â€Å"O braggart vile and damned furious wight!†Henry V (3.2.30)â€Å"He is white-livered and red-faced.†1 Henry VI (3.2.54)â€Å"Hag of all despite!â€Å"1 Henry VI (5.4.30-1)â€Å"Take her away; for she hath lived too long, /  To fill the world with vicious qualiti es.†3 Henry VI (5.6.54-5)â€Å"Teeth hadst thou in thy head when thou wast born, /  To signify thou camest to bite the world.† Julius Caesar (1.1.36)â€Å"You blocks, you stones, you worse than senseless things!†King Lear (2.2.14-24)â€Å"A knave; a rascal; an eater of broken meats; base, proud, shallow, beggarly, three-suited, hundred-pound, filthy, worsted-stocking knave; a lily-livered, action-taking knave, a whoreson, glass-gazing, super-serviceable finical rogue; one-trunk-inheriting slave; one that wouldst be a bawd, in way of good service, and art nothing but the composition of a knave, beggar, coward, pandar, and the son and heir of a mongrel bitch: one whom I will beat into clamorous whining, if thou deniest the least syllable of thy addition.†King John (4.3.105)â€Å"O you beast! /  Ill so maul you and your toasting-iron, /  That you shall think the devil is come from hell.†Measure for Measure (2.1.113)â€Å"You are a tedious fool.†Measure for Measure (3.1.151-3)â€Å"O faithless coward! O dishonest wretch! /  Wilt thou be made a man out of my vice?†Measure for Measure (3.2.56)â€Å"Some report a sea-maid spawn’d him; some that he was begot between two stock-fishes. But it is certain that when he makes water his urine is congealed ice.† The Merry Wives of Windsor (2.3.21)â€Å"Thou art a Castilian King urinal!†The Merry Wives of Windsor (5.5.60)â€Å"Vile worm, thou wast o’erlook’d even in thy birth.†Othello (4.2.50)â€Å"Heaven truly knows that thou art false as hell.†Pericles (4.6.156)â€Å"Thy food is such /  As hath been belchd on by infected lungs.†Richard III (1.2.58)â€Å"Thou lump of foul deformity!†Richard III (1.2.159)â€Å"Out of my sight! thou dost infect my eyes.†The Taming of the Shrew (4.1.116)â€Å"You peasant swain! You whoreson malt-horse drudge!†The Tempest (3.2.29-30)â€Å"Why, thou deboshed fish thou...Wilt thou tell a monstrous lie, being but half a fish and half a monster?†Troilus and Cressida (2.1.10)â€Å"Thou bitch-wolfs son!†Troilus and Cressida (2.1.16-7)â€Å"I think thy horse will sooner con an oration than /  thou learn a prayer without book.†Troilus and Cressida (2.1.41)â€Å"Thou sodden-witted lo rd! thou hast no more brain than I have in mine elbows.†Troilus and Cressida (4.2.31)â€Å"Go hang yourself, you naughty mocking uncle!†Troilus and Cressida (2.1.106)â€Å"I shall cut out your tongue.† /  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Tis no matter, I shall speak as much wit as thou afterwards.†

America Needs A National Health Care System or Insurance Program Research Paper

America Needs A National Health Care System or Insurance Program - Research Paper Example Almost fifty million people lack health insurance, another one more million have problems in their payments, and they are deducted .Almost 45000 die each year for lack of treatment. The infant mortality rates and general death rates rise dangerously each year. This the main reason for the need for a national health care service. Americas lower life expectancy America has thus achieved lower life expectancy, it is evident because of unstable security because of use of lax gun and poor healthcare planning, the ranking of the American men is the lowest with 75.6years and their women 80.7 years, and many reports come from the National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. The major contributor to the lower lifespan in America is the lax gun rules (Lewis 83). The shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary school made the lax guns to cater for the blame. The many violent deaths that America experiences have led to the shorter life span in America. Another reason for the lowering of the lifesp an of Americans is the violent deaths that they experience. In every 100000 residents, the United States of America has six violent deaths. The report from the National Research Council and Institute of Medicine says that the united state should not ignore the deaths because they own a lot of money. According to researchers, America is the leading state in violent deaths. This may be because of ownership of guns by citizens. So many citizens own guns illegally. Despite the short lifespan caused by the violent deaths and lax guns security, the consumption of large amounts of calories by the Americans that causes diabetes and involvement in alcohol and many accidents also cause deaths. Consumption of many calories results to diabetes hence early deaths in the United States (Uradnik, Lori, and Sara 109). With the invention ARV’s, AIDS still shorten the lifespan of people, because ARV’S do not eliminate the disease, it just reduces. There are three major causes summed toge ther. This includes the health care system, bad behavior and social and economic factors. Results of American fragmented health care The keeping busy of the emergency rooms is a challenge that has taken long. A report has said that Americans that are un-insured, visit the hospital many times compared to the patients who are insured (Lewis 54). Out of the 354 million, only 42% doctors are there to attend to them, this concludes the fact that there is shortage of the doctors. Another study was in spite of having an increase in the use of MRI in the ER and CT. There is no any increase in the diagnosis of the life-threatening conditions. Doctors have reduced the use of hospitals by eliminating surgery, reducing high-priced diagnostic tests with no improving of the results, removing admissions for episodes that are a cute in chronic diseases and stopping the routine of using emergency rooms for primary care. Field argues that in the time when the admissions of patients will stabilize and the hospitals financed, the hospital must attain value of importance (Simmons 76). That will be time that the medical department will take its role to ensure the practice of provision of quality services, they will also locate niches where the hospital can also make savings and to work out ways in which virtual care is delivered. They would also invent organizations accountable for care and many more organizations that will help connect patients, payers, and the sponsors. It calls for

Networking Funamentals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Networking Funamentals - Essay Example This approach gives organizations equally a fine thoughtful of the LAN protocols and the exploit of LAN in today's data networking. There are two more popular PHY and MAC layer protocols which are mainly significant in any LAN. In modern LAN, both protocols are incorporated on a single chip. The chips depicts straightforward interfaces to the exterior, but the protocols are not straight unreachable. We cannot observe the inside workings of the LAN chips and this makes understanding the LAN principles a complex chore. LAN texts be inclined to plunge into two categories: those that highlight on hands-on carry out, for instance, and those that highlight on principles, for instance. different company be inclined to subsequent one of these approaches. This propensity also shows in data communication and networking projects in general, for instance. Though, devoid of a fine considerate of the LAN rule, mostly professional organizations become confuse while control and labor with LANs efficiently. Trouble-shooting the LAN requires a stability of the facts of principles and the hands-on practice. Previous research on LA N frequently focal point on the plan standard, for instance and the utilization of a variety of devices to improve the network familiarity. Various software tools were used, but mostly for the reason of network design. This study shows the approach which fluctuates from them in that the tools are used to assist companies understanding of the operations of lower layers protocols. Principle of operation of the Ethernet and Token-ring protocols Ethernet Protocol Ethernet MAC is one of the mainly significant protocols and is also the mainly broadly used protocol nowadays. This simulator is deliberate to assist companies envisage the variants of the Ethernet protocol. Ethernet uses the CSMA/CD protocol through a few extra details (Baskett,F., 2005, 248-260). This simulator includes the further details. Users are also permissible to state the details of Ethernet packets. In this regard Wireless LAN can check the packets transmitted over the media and view the protocol in operations (D.Clark, 16-18, 2002). Simulation Experiments Since a lot of the internal workings of the Ethernet protocol is incorporated in a chip and concealed from the normal users, Today simulation tools are able to educate the principles and protocols of LAN. There are set of tools to perform networking task: Token Ring Protocol The token ring protocol is another vital and broadly used protocol for LAN. It is mostly dissimilar from Ethernet. Our high level simulator is intended to get better professionals perceptive of token ring operations. This simulator rigging a minute and basic token ring network (John C. S. 2004). Traffic is arbitrarily generated subsequent convinced entrance patterns. It also implements the IEEE 802.5 precedence and proviso protocol. The condition of every place is visualized and the operations of the protocol are ready visible. Wireless LAN Protocol Wireless LAN Protocol is another vital protocol having some difference from token ring protocol. Mostly companies replicate only the MAC layer protocols for